Cristianismo, islam y judaísmo en la donación de órganos y tejidos

Abstract

Introduction. The increase of chronic diseases with the only definitive treatment, organ transplantation has increased. Waiting lists due to a higher demand than supply have led to study the reasons why society rejects donation. Religious beliefs are one of the causes of rejection. Ignorance of the position of Christianity, Judaism and Islam, as well as knowledge of the group that forms part of these religions, makes it necessary to study their position in-depth. Objective. To carry out a systematic review of the literature in order to identify the position of these religions and the obstacles in relation to OTD. Methodology. A search strategy was designed combining the keywords in the Cinahl, Cochrane and PubMed databases. After eliminating duplicate articles, 150 articles were obtained of which 21 were finally included in the review. Results. Christianity supports firmly OTD. In Islam, the majority of the Muslim community does too, although this view is not universally accepted. In Judaism, although there is also a lack of consensus, it supports OTD. The most frequently cited obstacles are the criteria for validating death, the dignified treatment of and respect for the body, the need to maintain the integrity of the body after death, and the need to perform the rituals of each religion. Despite this, all three religions put OTD ahead of these objections. Conclusions. Religion is not an obstacle by itself, but it is because of the multiple and erroneous interpretations that have been carried out by different religious leaders. In addition, the most prevalent obstacles with a negative influence on OTD have been identified: family, religion, culture, relationship with the health system, and knowledge.