Modulation of macrophage response by copper and magnesium ions in combination with low concentrations of dexamethasone
Author
Díez-Tercero, Leire
Delgado, Luis M.
Antoñanzas Perez, Roman
Publication date
2022ISSN
2227-9059
Abstract
Macrophages have been deemed crucial for correct tissue regeneration, which is a complex process with multiple overlapping phases, including inflammation. Previous studies have suggested that divalent ions are promising cues that can induce an anti-inflammatory response, since they are stable cues that can be released from biomaterials. However, their immunomodulatory potential is limited in a pro-inflammatory environment. Therefore, we investigated whether copper and magnesium ions combined with low concentrations of the anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (dex), could have a synergistic effect in macrophage, with or without pro-inflammatory stimulus, in terms of morphology, metabolic activity and gene expression. Our results showed that the combination of copper and dex strongly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory markers, while the combination with magnesium upregulated the expression of IL-10. Moreover, in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus, the combination of copper and dex induced a strong TNF-α response, suggesting an impairment of the anti-inflammatory actions of dex. The combination of magnesium and dex in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus did not promote any improvement in comparison to dex alone. The results obtained in this study could be relevant for tissue engineering applications and in the design of platforms with a dual release of divalent ions and small molecules.
Document Type
Article
Document version
Published version
Language
English
Subject (CDU)
61 - Medical sciences
Keywords
Macròfags
Polarització
Ions
Coure
Magnesi
Dexametasona
Inflamació
Regeneració dels teixits
Macrófago
Polarización
Iones
Cobre
Magnesio
Dexametasona
Inflamación
Regeneración de tejidos
Macrophage
Polarization
Ions
Copper
Magnesium
Dexamethasone
Inflammation
Tissue regeneration
Pages
16
Publisher
MDPI
Collection
10; 4
Is part of
Biomedicines
Citation
Díez-Tercero, Leire; Delgado, Luis M.; Antoñanzas Perez, Roman [et al.]. Modulation of macrophage response by copper and magnesium ions in combination with low concentrations of dexamethasone. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(4), 764. Disponible en: <https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/4/764>. Fecha de acceso: 19 abr. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040764
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Ciències de la Salut [738]
Rights
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/