Citric acid in the passivation of titanium dental implants: corrosion resistance and bactericide behavior
Author
Verdeguer, Pablo
Gil Mur, Francisco Javier
Punset fuste, Miquel
Manero, José María
Nart, Jose
Vilarrasa, Javi
Ruperez, Elisa
Publication date
2022ISSN
1996-1944
Abstract
The passivation of titanium dental implants is performed in order to clean the surface and obtain a thin layer of protective oxide (TiO2) on the surface of the material in order to improve its behavior against corrosion and prevent the release of ions into the physiological environment. The most common chemical agent for the passivation process is hydrochloric acid (HCl), and in this work we intend to determine the capacity of citric acid as a passivating and bactericidal agent. Discs of commercially pure titanium (c.p.Ti) grade 4 were used with different treatments: control (Ctr), passivated by HCl, passivated by citric acid at 20% at different immersion times (20, 30, and 40 min) and a higher concentration of citric acid (40%) for 20 min. Physical-chemical characterization of all of the treated surfaces has been carried out by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, and the ‘Sessile Drop’ technique in order to obtain information about different parameters (topography, elemental composition, roughness, wettability, and surface energy) that are relevant to understand the biological response of the material. In order to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the different treatments under physiological conditions, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic tests have been carried out. Additionally, ion release tests were realized by means of ICP-MS. The antibacterial behavior has been evaluated by performing bacterial adhesion tests, in which two strains have been used: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram–) and Streptococcus sanguinis (Gram+). After the adhesion test, a bacterial viability study has been carried out (‘Life and Death’) and the number of colony-forming units has been calculated with SEM images. The results obtained show that the passivation with citric acid improves the hydrophilic character, corrosion resistance, and presents a bactericide character in comparison with the HCl treatment. The increasing of citric acid concentration improves the bactericide effect but decreases the corrosion resistance parameters. Ion release levels at high citric acid concentrations increase very significantly. The effect of the immersion times studied do not present an effect on the properties.
Document Type
Article
Document version
Published version
Language
English
Subject (CDU)
616.3 - Pathology of the digestive system. Complaints of the alimentary canal
Keywords
Àcid cítric
Implant dental
Passivació
Corrosió
Bacteris
Peri implantitis
Humectabilitat
Angle de contacte
Energia lliure superficial
Ácido cítrico
Implante dental
Pasivación
Corrosión
Bacterias
Periimplantitis
Humectabilidad
Ángulo de contacto
Energía libre superficial
Citric acid
Dental implant
Passivation
Corrosion
Bacteria
Peri implantitis
Wettability
Contact angle
Surface free energy
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Pages
19
Publisher
MDPI
Collection
15;2
Is part of
Materials
Citation
Verdeguer, Pablo; Gil Mur, Javier; Punset, Miquel [et al.]. Citric acid in the passivation of titanium dental implants: corrosion resistance and bactericide behavior. Materials, 2022, 15(2), 545. Disponible en: <https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/2/545>. Fecha de acceso: 28 ene. 2022. DOI: 10.3390/ma15020545
Grant agreement number
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/RTI2018-098075-B-C21
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/RTI2018-098075-B-C22
This item appears in the following Collection(s)
- Odontologia [228]
Rights
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/